Another ineffective vaccine: hepatitis B.
“The proportions of people who were protected after vaccination was 26.0%…”
Tag: Immune pathology
![Figure 7 Plasma cytokine and growth factor levels in adults and elderly: Cytokine levels in plasma specimens of adults and elderly were measured using a multiplex biochip array system, Evidence Investigator TM (Randox laboratories Ltd, Crumlin, UK). The bar diagram shows mean with standard error of mean for: (A) TH-1 Cytokines [IL-2, IL-8, IL-1a, IL-1b, IFN-c and TNF-a], (B) TH-2 Cytokines [IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10] and (C) Growth Factors (MCP-1, VEGF and EGF). Significant differences were observed in the concentration of plasma levels of IL-1b, IL-2, IFN-c, TNF-a, IL-6, MCP-1 and EGF between the elderly participants and adults. Source: Valiathan, 2016.](https://medical-en.nneandersphysiologicalliteracy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Foxit-PhantomPDF_2020-05-16_13-44-39-560x457.jpg)
Lymphocytes, neutrophils and IL-6 and the “Effects of Ageing on the Immune System”.
Valiathan et al., 2016 (1), published an informative article on the aging of the immune system. The authors found that lymphocytes in the elderly, 70 to 92 years, were lower than in adults, 21 to 50 years. Neutrophils in the elderly were elevated. Cytokine IL-6 was also elevated in the elderly. Levels of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and IL-6 all have strong predictive value in the outcome of COVID-19.
A rare good move: the World Health Organization criticized “immunity passports” (April 24, 2020).
COVID-19 “immunity passports” is another Nazi-style idea. It is good that the WHO criticized COVID-19 “immunity passports”.
T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses and vaccines against SARS-CoV that induce immunopathology.
A 2011 study: A vaccine against SARS-CoV-1 provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory response in lungs.